Increase Of Concentration Of Ethyl Acetate Biology Essay Example For Students

Increase Of Concentration Of Ethyl Acetate Biology Essay First the purpose of the experiment is to find the output, transition and reaction rate by using the rules of material balance with chemical reaction for batch reactions. The intent of the experiment is to happen out the factors impacting the rate of reaction to increases the transition rate the output of merchandise produced. The hypothesis of the experiment is that the addition of concentration of Ethyl Acetate would besides increase the rate of reaction. From two different concentrations of Ethyl Acetate ( 0.01M and 0.02M ) have shown that the 0.02M of Ethyl Acetate shows a addition in the rate of reaction and transition rate of Sodium Hydroxide to Sodium Acetate. Second the theory portion shows the definitions of footings like saponification, batchwise reactions and factors that affect the rate of reaction. The most of import definition is the saponification which is the hydrolysis of an ester under basic conditions to organize an intoxicant and the salt of a carboxylic acid. Third, the process subdivision shows how to transport out the 3 major stairss which are readying of the reactant, the experimental apparatus and the processs to transport out the experiment. This is followed by the consequences and computations which is about the computation of the transition per centum and output of the reactions of different concentrations of Ethyl Acetate carried out in the experiment. After the consequences and computations, is the treatment portion which discusses the consequences obtained, states some safeguards to be taken while transporting out the experiment and the factors that affect the consequences. Last the decision concludes the study by saying if the purpose of the experiment had been reached and it besides states that the hypothesis that the higher the concentration of the reactant, the faster the rate of reaction and transition, has been proven. Outline1 REPORT ON MATERIAL BALANCE WITH CHEMICAL REACTION2 1. Introduction3 2. Theory4 Fig.1 ) Graph of conduction values of Sodium Hydroxide against the concentration of Sodium Hydroxide. )5 Table 1 ) Concentration of Sodium Hydroxide in 1 min interval:6 Fig3 ) Graph of concentration of Sodium Hydroxide against clip ( for 0.1M of Ethyl Acetate used )7 Table 2 ) Concentration of Sodium Hydroxide in 1 min interval:8 Fig4 ) Graph of concentration of Sodium Hydroxide against clip ( for 0.02M of Ethyl Acetate used )9 Fig 4 ) Graph of 1/concentration against clip ( Rate of reaction )10 5. Discussion11 6. Decision REPORT ON MATERIAL BALANCE WITH CHEMICAL REACTION 1. Introduction 1.1 Background Literature Conversion of Na hydrated oxide into Na ethanoate is called saponification. It is the procedure of doing soap. It is the reaction between an ester with a metallic base and H2O. It is besides related to the procedure used to change over natural fats into soap. ( Donohue 2009 ) An base is a soluble salt of an alkali metal like Na. It is used in soap-making whereby it was obtained from the ashes of workss. Now, the term base describes a base which neutralizes an acid. ( Donohue 2009 ) Bases used in soap devising are sodium hydrated oxide ( NaOH ) , besides called acerb sodium carbonate ; and potassium hydrated oxide ( KOH ) , besides called acerb potassium hydroxide. ( Donohue 2009 ) Example: An illustration of the reaction is: ( Therese Lott s Saponification Calculator Standalone spreadsheet for ciphering saponification values in handmade soapmaking. ) ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.freepatentsonline.com/6751527.html ) 1.2 Aim The purpose of this experiment is to find the output, transition and reaction rate by using the rules of material balance with chemical reaction for batch reactions. This will besides enable us to happen out factors to better the output and the rate of transition and reaction. 1.3 Hypothesis The hypothesis of the experiment is that if the concentration is high, the output together with the rate of transition and reaction would besides increase. Therefore, from a 0.02M concentration of Ethyl Acetate and 0.01M concentration of Ethyl Acetate, the 0.02M concentration would hold a higher output, rate of transition and reaction. This is because at the start of the experiment the conduction value was high but as the reaction precedes the conduction value decreases demoing the concentration and figure of moles. 2. Theory 2.1 Saponification Saponification is the hydrolysis of an ester under basic conditions to organize an intoxicant and the salt of a carboxylic acid. Saponification is normally used to mention to the reaction of a metallic base with a fat or oil to organize soap. Saponifiable substances are those that can be converted into soap. In the experiment the coveted merchandise is sodium ethanoate. ( Donohue 2009 ) 2.2 Batchwise Chemical reaction A batchwise reaction is a reaction where by reactants are put in and the reaction is started. After the reaction has ended, the merchandises are taken out and the equipment and all are washed to be prepared for the following experiment. Unlike steady province reaction it does non hold a uninterrupted input and end product. ( Singapore Polytechnic 2009 ) 2.3 Percentage Conversion Xa = moles of A reacted Gram molecules of A Federal into the reactor x100 % It is defined as a fraction of reactants or provender that successfully reacted to organize the coveted merchandise. The above expression calculates the sum of reacts converted into merchandises. ( Singapore Polytechnic 2009 ) 2.4 Output of A Product YP = Moles of coveted merchandise formed Gram molecules of reactant fed into the reactor Output has 3 definitions. First it is sum of coveted merchandise formed based on the sum of restricting reactants feed into the reaction. Second it is the sum of coveted merchandise obtained divided by the sum of reactant consumed. Last, it is besides defined as the sum of merchandise obtained divided by the theoretically sum of restricting reactant consumed. The above reaction calculates the sum output based on merely the modification reactant. ( Singapore Polytechnic 2009 ) 2.5 Rate of Reaction The rate of reaction is the sum of clip taken for the chemicals to respond wholly. ( Singapore Polytechnic 2009 ) 2.6 Surface Area To Volume Ratio The surface country to the volume ration affects the rate of reaction. The smaller the atom, the larger its open surface country. With a larger open surface country more atoms can clash with one another doing more reactions to take topographic point within a shorter sum of clip. ( Purchon 2006 ) Prologue of History EssayNo. Of Moles reacted: 0.005mol 0.0019mol= 0.0031mol Conversion: Xa = moles of A reacted Gram molecules of A Federal into the reactor x100 % Xa= ( 0.0031/ 0.005 ) X 100 % =62 % No. Of Mole of CH3COONa formed is 0.0031mol Output: YP = Moles of coveted merchandise formed Gram molecules of reactant fed into the reactor YP = 0.0031/ 0.005 = 0.62 4.3 Output When 0.02M of Ethyl Acetate Used Table 2 ) Concentration of Sodium Hydroxide in 1 min interval: Time ( Min ) Conduction of NaOH ( Â µS/cm ) Concentration of NaOH ( M ) 1 1080 0.0031 2 1040 0.0029 3 1005 0.0027 4 972 0.0025 5 942 0.0023 6 816 0.0022 7 889 0.002 8 866 0.0019 9 844 0.0018 10 824 0.0016 11 804 0.0016 12 786 0.0014 13 770 0.0013 14 754 0.0012 15 740 0.0012 16 726 0.0011 17 712 0.001 18 700 0.00092 19 688 0.00085 20 678 0.0008 21 666 0.00073 22 658 0.00068 23 648 0.00062 24 640 0.00057 25 630 0.00052 26 622 0.00047 27 616 0.00044 28 608 0.00039 29 600 0.00035 30 596 0.00032 Fig4 ) Graph of concentration of Sodium Hydroxide against clip ( for 0.02M of Ethyl Acetate used ) NaOH + CH3cooc2H5 A ; agrave ; C2H5OH + CH3COONa The chemical equation above shows that the molar ratio of NaOH to CH3COONa is 1:1. Original No.Of Moles of NaOH ( start of experiment ) is 0.005mol From Fig4.3.2, No. Of Moles of NaOH after 15 proceedingss ( midway of experiment ) is 0.0012mol No. Of Moles reacted: 0.005mol 0.0012mol= 0.0038mol Conversion: Xa = moles of A reacted Gram molecules of A Federal into the reactor x100 % Xa= ( 0.0038/ 0.005 ) X 100 % =76 % No. Of Mole of CH3COONa formed is 0.0038mol Output: YP = Moles of coveted merchandise formed Gram molecules of reactant fed into the reactor YP = 0.0038/ 0.005 = 0.76 4.4 Determining the Rate of Reaction The rate of reaction is determined by ciphering the gradient of the graph 1/concentration against clip Fig 4 ) Graph of 1/concentration against clip ( Rate of reaction ) Rate of reaction = Gradient of 1/concentration against clip = Y2-Y1 A ; divide ; X2-X1 = 0.00012 ( -0.00018 ) A ; divide ; 0.000005- 0.000008 = 0.00006 mol/ L.Min / -0.000004 ( Mol.L ) 2 =-15 min/ ( mol/L ) 5. Discussion 5.1 Factors Affecting Rate of Reaction First the concentrations of Ethyl Acetate used were 0.01M and 0.02M which means that for 0.01M of Ethyl Acetate was obtained by thining 0.49cm3 of pure Ethyl Acetate and 0.02M was obtained by thining 0.92cm3 of pure Ethyl Acetate. By comparing the graphs ( Fig 3 and 4 ) above, the reaction ( 0.02M ) was the fastest. This was due to the concentration factor. The higher the concentration, the faster the rate of reaction as the addition in concentration means that there are more molecules in a specific country. Other factor like temperature and force per unit area were keep at a changeless ( standard room conditions ) . There was no accelerator involved the experiment. Therefore, these other factors did non impact the rate of reaction. 5.2 Factors Affecting Conversion and Yield The transition of Sodium Hydroxide and the output of Sodium Acetate will neer be a 100 % due to the proficient equipment and uncoerced human mistakes. It is besides due to constrains in the lab like equipment or the continuance of the experiment. The longer the reaction, more transition and output could hold been produced. 5.3 Factors Affecting the Conductivity Values The concentration of Sodium Hydroxide affects the conduction value of the reaction. If the concentration of Sodium Hydroxide is high, the conduction value will besides be high. Therefore, as the reaction returns, the conduction drops as the concentration of the Sodium Hydroxide decreases as it is being reacted off. For the 0.01M reaction, Fig 4.2.2 show that the concentration decreases significantly. However, for the 0.02M reaction, Fig 4.3.2 shows some fluctuations in the bead of the concentration of Sodium Hydroxide. This could be because of the equipment. The equipment, the conduction investigation and the machine has been known to turn off indiscriminately during the reaction. Therefore there was some abnormalities in the bead of concentration for the 0.02M reaction. 5.4 Precautions to Be Taken During the experiment the Ethyl Acetate should ever be handled in the fume goon as it would break up in the unfastened, therefore impacting the concentration of the Ethyl Acetate and to forestall it from sloping anyplace else in the research lab. Baseball gloves should besides be worn to forestall bacteriums from polluting the reaction or chemicals and to besides protect our custodies from the chemicals. Goggles should besides be worn to protect our eyes from chemicals sprinkling into our eyes. 5.5 Comparison of transition and outputs of different concentration of Ethyl Acetate The output of the reaction of 0.01M Ethyl Acetate is 0.62 while the output of the reaction of 0.02M Ethyl Acetate is 0.76. The 2nd reaction of 0.02M has a higher output due to the higher concentration of Ethyl Acetate. This is because the concentration of the reactants is more due to the addition in concentration of Sodium Hydroxide therefore, bring forthing more merchandises whereby the output of Sodium Acetate additions. However both the experiments did non bring forth a 100 % output because of human mistake and constrains of proficient equipment. Even if a accelerator was added, the output will be the same as the accelerator will merely increase the rate of reaction and impact the output. 6. Decision In decision, the higher the concentration of Ethyl Acetate used, the faster the rate of reaction together with a higher transition per centum of Sodium Hydroxide. The concentration of Sodium Hydroxide affects the conduction values of the reaction because the consequences show that the conduction decreases as the reaction returns because the concentration of Sodium Hydroxide besides decreases as the Sodium Hydroxide was being reacted off. Therefore, the hypothesis is proven to be true. The purpose of the experiment was met as consequences province that with a higher concentration of Ethyl Acetate, the rate of reaction together with the rate of transition additions. The concentration of the Ethyl Acetate responding with Sodium Hydroxide in a reactor as clip base on ballss by was studied. However the experiment could be improved by adding in a accelerator or increasing the temperature to increase the rate of reaction and transition rate.